AHS Faculty Q&A: Robyn Gobin understands trauma as both professor and clinician



Robyn Gobin said the authenticity of research participants and clients motivates her work. (Photo provided)

Health and Kinesiology Associate Professor Robyn Gobin inhabits many roles—teacher, researcher, psychologist, author—which continue to influence each other. Gobin is a trauma specialist: she works with domestic violence survivors and military Veterans and has published studies about their experiences.  

Gobin joined the Department of Health and Kinesiology in 2015, after clinical and research fellowships at UCSD and Brown University. She obtained her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Oregon in 2012, then worked at the VA Providence Healthcare System’s PTSD Clinic and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, as an Advanced Women’s Health Research Fellow and postdoctoral clinician.

Part of what keeps Gobin motivated to do this work is “the authenticity and courage” she witnesses from research participants and clients as they navigate their healing journeys.   

“It is a privilege to contribute, in both small and meaningful ways, to people reclaiming their sense of self and well-being in the aftermath of trauma,” she said. 

Gobin reflected this semester on her background and ongoing work for the College of Applied Health Sciences. 

Why did you want to become a psychologist? When did academia and the research world come into the picture for you? 

Growing up, I always knew I wanted to have a career that would allow me to help the people in my community experience less stress and have more joyful and fulfilling lives. I discovered the field of psychology during my senior year in high school when I took an AP Psychology course. What attracted me most to the field was that it would allow me to enjoy the best of both worlds: research and practice. I knew I wouldn’t be limited to using just one skill set. Psychology gives me the freedom to use many gifts and talents. As a research psychologist who is also licensed to practice, I get to help shape the knowledge that informs interventions in clinical and community settings, while my work with clients helps shape the way I conceptualize my research.

What brought you to the University of Illinois and the College of Applied Health Sciences? 

As a trauma specialist, I’ve had the opportunity to receive both research and clinical training as a predoctoral and postdoctoral fellow at several Veterans Affairs hospitals. It has truly been an honor to work with military Veterans. When my postdoctoral fellowship concluded, I knew I wanted to continue serving this population. During my job search, I stumbled across a tenure-track faculty position affiliated with the Chez Veterans Center, housed in the College of Applied Health Sciences. I was immediately drawn to the opportunity to continue my Veteran-centric research in a university setting. 

What is it like to occupy the roles of therapist, researcher and professor? Are there ways that each role affects the others for you personally? 

It provides a meaningful balance. I enjoy work that keeps me on my toes by offering opportunities to engage different parts of my brain. One of my core values is being of service and having a direct impact in the community, and these three roles allow me to integrate service and impact into my professional identity. Teaching and therapy allow for immediate, direct impact while collaborative research allows me to contribute to longer-term, broader impact by generating knowledge that can shape practice and policy. Each role is influenced by the others. 

My clinical work grounds my research in real-world experiences and helps ensure it remains relevant and responsive. My research strengthens my teaching and clinical practice by providing evidence-based frameworks and keeping me abreast of emerging topics and the latest research in the field. Teaching allows me to draw directly from both my clinical experiences and research to facilitate rich, nuanced conversations about the complexities of trauma and mental health while engaging learners at all levels, from undergrad and graduate students to new and experienced clinicians. 

You co-authored two recent papers detailing the responses of women who experienced intimate partner violence about their beliefs and practices around forgiveness. What was it like to collaborate on these studies, and what did you learn from them? 

These projects were very special because I got to collaborate with former graduate student Kristen Golden, Ph.D., around our shared passion for enhancing well-being and supporting healing among women survivors of domestic violence. 

I always consider it an honor when survivors are willing to share their stories with us. As a trauma researcher who embraces feminist and intersectional frameworks, one of the biggest takeaways for me was that it matters how we socialize women and girls around forgiveness both in communities and in religious contexts where expectations are often shaped by the intersection of gender, race, culture and faith. 

When women internalize beliefs around forgiveness that align with rigid gender role expectations, they may make choices that inadvertently increase risk for continued harm. However, when women are supported in adopting more expansive beliefs about forgiveness that are not solely about nurturing others but also allow them to retain agency (i.e., believing that it is possible to forgive their abusers without reconciling), they are better positioned to make choices that prioritize their safety and well-being. 

Your research areas and mental health practice undoubtedly expose you to profound grief and trauma of your clients and participants. How do you manage this as a practitioner, and what keeps you motivated to work in this field? 

I manage this by being highly devoted to my self-care practices. Having a nourishing morning routine, setting boundaries and intentionally creating space to recharge allow me to do this work from a grounded and resourced place. I also prioritize time with family, friends and community, which helps sustain me both personally and professionally. What keeps me motivated is radical hope and the belief that we can work collectively to reduce harm and create safer environments where women and girls are better protected from sexual violence and all other forms of interpersonal trauma. 

I am also inspired by the authenticity and courage I witness in research participants and clients as they navigate their healing journeys. It is a privilege to contribute, in both small and meaningful ways, to people reclaiming their sense of self and well-being in the aftermath of trauma. 

Is there anything else you’re working on right now that you’d like to share?

I have several exciting new collaborations with colleagues at the University of Illinois and other institutions. This work includes examining the influence of radical hope on psychological and physiological responses to race-based stress; conducting community-engaged research on intellectual health and scholarly identity as pathways to promoting educational equity and well-being among Black youth; exploring cultural betrayal trauma theory in Black men; and developing patient-centered, community-engaged strategies to enhance mental health outcomes for military sexual trauma survivors.

Is there anything in particular you would like students or others working in the college to know about you? 

My work is inspired, in part, by Dawna Markova’s poem, “I Will Not Die an Unlived Life.” It serves as both an inspiration and a continuous invitation to live and work with intention:

“I will not die an unlived life 

I will not live in fear 

of falling or catching fire. 

I choose to inhabit my days, 

to allow my living to open me, 

to make me less afraid, 

more accessible, 

to loosen my heart 

until it becomes a wing, 

a torch, a promise. 

I choose to risk my significance; 

to live so that which came to me as seed 

goes to the next as blossom 

and that which came to me as blossom, 

goes on as fruit.”

Editor’s note:

To reach Robyn Gobin, email rgobin@illinois.edu.
 

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Study explores effects of racial discrimination on Black parents and children



Robyn Gobin (left) and Shardé Smith

Black Americans experience racial discrimination on a regular basis, and it is a cause of chronic and pervasive stress. It is known to contribute to elevated risk for poor mental health outcomes, but most research has focused on individuals. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign looks at the interpersonal effects of discrimination on parents and their adolescent children.

“A person’s experiences with racial discrimination are not just their own but may spill over into the family and affect the mental health and perceived social support of other family members. We underestimate the impact of discrimination if we’re only looking at the individual level,” said lead author Shardé Smith, associate professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, part of the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at Illinois.

Smith and co-author Robyn Gobin, associate professor in the Department of Health and Kinesiology at Illinois, drew on a longitudinal Chicago neighborhood study examining the impact of social interactions and environments. Based on data from the study’s third wave, the researchers included 401 Black parent-adolescent dyads, with an average age of 15 for the children. Participants answered questions about their experiences of racial discrimination over the past year, as well as their psychological well-being and perceived family support.

Analyzing the data for patterns, Smith and Gobin identified four clusters of responses: One group in which both the parent and the adolescent reported exposure to discrimination, another group where only the parent had experienced discrimination, a third group where the adolescent but not the parent had experienced discrimination, and a fourth group where both parents and children had a low likelihood of exposure to discrimination in the past year.

Specifically, parents were likely to experience racial discrimination at work, and both adolescents and their parents were likely to experience discrimination outside of their neighborhood and when they were receiving services. Furthermore, adolescents were likely to experience racial discrimination from the police.

As expected, the researchers found interactive effects of exposure to racial discrimination, consistent with the concept of “linked lives” that indicate people’s life experiences impact their family members. Overall, parents and adolescents in the three risk groups reported more psychological distress and lower levels of family support.

However, adolescents indicated significantly less family support when their parents also experienced racial discrimination. For parents, the combined exposure to racial discrimination did not diminish their perceptions of social support any more than the other risk groups.

It’s possible that parents struggle to support their children when they are also experiencing racial discrimination themselves, or perhaps children are not reporting the experiences to their parents, the researchers noted.

“It’s important for adolescents to talk to their parents and be able to receive support in managing racial trauma. If they can’t talk about these things in their family of origin with people who really understand it, then they may be left on their own trying to manage it, which could further exacerbate the mental health challenges they might be experiencing,” Gobin stated.

The researchers did not find any differences based on demographic characteristics. This demonstrates these effects are not unique to one population, but affect people across gender identity, age, and socio-economic status, Smith said. 

These findings show the importance of developing interventions to address the psychological effects of discrimination in a family context, particularly focusing on how to help adolescents receive the support they need.

“I want to highlight that the goal in an ideal world is to dismantle the systems that create the discrimination. However, given how difficult that will be over time, we still need to engage in more malleable approaches to tackle these issues. We need to make sure healing frameworks are trauma-sensitive and culturally sound, helping to capitalize on the strengths within the Black community,” Smith concluded.

The paper, “The Dyadic Effects of Racial Discrimination: Using Latent Class Analysis to Explore Patterns of Racial Discrimination Among Black Parent–Adolescent Dyads,” is published in Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology [DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000678].

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Public health training gives chaplain a different perspective



Kristin Godlin is an ordained Presbyterian minister and a chaplain at Carle and OSF Heart of Mary Medical Center in Urbana. She’s also a PhD candidate in the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health in the College of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Illinois.

That confluence gives Godlin a unique perspective in her role, but one she hopes doesn’t remain unique for long. Godlin’s research looks at the connection between religiosity and public health. Godlin, an alum of the Master of Public Health in AHS, said, “From a health standpoint, religion functions primarily as a means of helping people to cope with stress.”

Systematic reviews have found that religion is associated with decreases in depression, faster recovery from depression, less drug dependence, less drug abuse, better physical health, longer life, and an increased sense of purpose, well-being, hope and optimism.

Chaplains provide spiritual and emotional support to patients and their families. While most chaplains are themselves religious, they care for people of all faiths, as well as people who are not religious. Within the context of hospital emergency departments, chaplains additionally serve as a kind of go-between for staff members, patients, and their families. They also facilitate meetings between families and physicians.

But the public health portion of the job is one that is still quite new, even for Godlin. At the time she was board certified as a chaplain, there was an announcement made at the Association of Professional Chaplains’ annual conference that the Templeton Foundation had provided a group of chaplaincy leaders called Transforming Chaplaincy a grant of $4.5 million for the purposes of helping to train chaplains to become more research literate. The idea, Godlin said, was that if chaplains were more research literate, they would be better able to guide and evaluate and advocate for their profession.

The money could be used to encourage chaplaincy training programs to include in their curricula courses and lessons in research methodology and statistics, or how to read and understand research, Godlin said. But also, a significant part of the grant was to enable 16 board-certified chaplains the opportunity to pursue Master of Public Health degrees or Master of Science degrees for the purposes of learning how to not only read research but to generate research to support chaplaincy.

“I didn’t know hardly anything about public health when I started,” Godlin said. “I was a blank slate coming in. I think, particularly now that we have been going through the pandemic, I have a much greater understanding of what public health is all about and why they are approaching things the way they did than I ever would have before. And I really do think that’s an extraordinarily important part of the training, which I didn’t realize at the time I was getting it.”

The connection of religion and public health is particularly timely, Godlin said, because of COVID-19. Godlin recently came across a study which found that religiosity was negatively associated with intention to be vaccinated. “It was a sad commentary on how people who are more religious are less likely to take protective health measures,’ she said. “It caused me to think about how important it is for religious leaders to have an understanding of what public health is all about.

“And the National Association for the Advancement of Science has recently started made a significant effort to try to introduce science into the core curricula of divinity schools and seminaries across America. I can see, especially during the pandemic, how important that is for religious leaders to understand how science works and why public health professionals are making the recommendations that they are.”

Godlin, who grew up in Champaign-Urbana, earned two masters’ degrees from Yale Divinity School after doing her undergrad at Northwestern. But she returned to the area and trained as a chaplain and that’s when she got the research grant. At that point, she reached out to KCH assistant professor Robyn Gobin, because of Gobin’s interest in religion and spirituality and its effect on mental health.

“Dr. Gobin,” Godlin said, “has been an extraordinarily helpful mentor and partner along the way.”

“I shifted into the MPH-PhD program to focus more on research,” Godlin said. “Over the past few years, the focus of my research has been on the use of religion in coping with domestic violence. Studies find that up to 97% of women who experience domestic violence turn to God for help; so particularly for that population, religion is exceptionally important. My goal is to help religious leaders, chaplains, counselors, and therapists to strengthen their spiritual support for survivors, to help survivors to use their religion more effectively, and ultimately to improve survivors’ physical and mental health outcomes.”

Overall, Godlin believes the marriage of religion and public health through chaplaincy can help close the gap on misinformation.

“For the vast majority of people who have a religious background, when you say you are a chaplain, it opens doors that do not open for other people. And so people share things that they would not—patients share things and family members share things that they would not ordinarily share with other people.”

Editor’s note:

To reach Vince Lara-Cinisomo, email vinlara@illinois.edu.
 

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